Reconceptualization of Sources of Law in Indonesia: Pancasila, Legal Pluralism, and Harmonization of National Law Formation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59890/mjst.v3i5.230Keywords:
Sources of Law, Pancasila, Legal Pluralism, Regulatory Harmonization, Formation of National Law Legislation, Jurisprudence, Customary Law, Living Law, Islamic LawAbstract
This article stems from the issue that legal sources in Indonesia are no longer adequately understood solely through formal and material dichotomies, because national legal practice is now simultaneously influenced by Pancasila, the 1945 Constitution, statutory regulations, jurisprudence, customary law or living law, Islamic law, and international agreements. This paper aims to analyze the concepts and classification of legal sources in Indonesia, explain the position and relationships among these sources, and examine the contemporary dynamics that affect the formation and enforcement of national law. The method used is a Qualitative Literature Review with a narrative review approach, reviewing Indonesian and English journal literature primarily since 2020, accompanied by an analysis of official primary legal sources such as the 1945 Constitution, Law No. 12 of 2011, and Law No. 13 of 2022. The analysis was conducted thematically. The study results show that Indonesian legal sources are layered, plural, and dynamic: Pancasila functions as a meta-source guiding interpretation; statutory regulations remain the main channel for the applicability of norms, but legitimacy depends on the quality of procedures, public participation, and clarity of delegation; while customary law, Islamic law, jurisprudence, and international agreements are elements in the national legal ecology that continuously influence the content and application of law. This article concludes that national legal reform should be directed towards harmonization among legal authorities based on procedures, evidence, and rights. Its limitation is that this article is still an interpretative synthesis; moreover, it has not yet empirically examined variations in implementation across regions or sectors
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