Sustainable Palm Oil in Indonesia: Harnessing Economic Prosperity, Community Welfare, and Environmental Stewardship Through Triple Bottom Line Integration
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59890/ijgsr.v4i4.217Keywords:
Sustainable Palm Oil in Indonesia: Harnessing Economic Prosperity, Community Welfare, and Environmental Stewardship Through Triple Bottom Line IntegrationAbstract
Indonesia's palm oil industry represents a transformative development success story, demonstrating how strategic commodity development can simultaneously advance poverty reduction, economic growth, and environmental management when guided by comprehensive sustainability frameworks. This qualitative literature review examines sustainable palm oil through an integrated triple bottom line (TBL) approach—analyzing economic viability (profit), social inclusion (people), and environmental stewardship (planet)—while assessing welfare transformation outcomes and contributions to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Synthesizing 80+ scholarly sources from 2020-2026, the study documents substantial accomplishments: 20 million workers supported, 2.6 million lifted from poverty through palm oil expansion, robust export revenues generating fiscal resources for development, significant progress in deforestation reduction (82% decline from 2012 peaks), emerging circular economy innovations creating value from waste streams, and direct contributions to 12 SDGs. The analysis reveals that successful sustainability requires building on these foundations through: strengthened smallholder support enabling productivity improvements and access to certification; accelerated peatland restoration generating carbon credits and ecosystem benefits; gender-responsive approaches expanding women's economic opportunities; and multi-stakeholder governance enhancing collaboration among government, industry, and communities
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