Institutional Design and Governance Capacity in Community-Based Ecotourism Management: A Case Study of Sebangau Blackwater Tourism

Abstract

Community-based ecotourism management requires an institutional design capable of integrating multiple stakeholders to achieve effective and sustainable governance. Increasing development of conservation-based tourism destinations has not always been accompanied by stronger institutional arrangements that enhance governance capacity. This study aims to analyze the relationship between institutional design and governance capacity in community-based ecotourism management at Sebangau Blackwater Tourism, Palangka Raya City, Indonesia. A qualitative approach with a case study design was employed. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, field observations, and document analysis involving 20 informants representing the local government, the Sebangau National Park Authority, village administration, tourism awareness groups (Pokdarwis), local communities, private sector actors, academics, and the media. Data were analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña, supported by NVivo 12 Plus, while data credibility was ensured through source, method, and document triangulation. Findings indicate that the institutional design has involved multiple stakeholders. Governance effectiveness, however, remains constrained by limited role clarity, organizational legitimacy, coordination mechanisms, and institutional continuity. Community social capital, reflected in mutual cooperation, deliberative decision-making, and environmental stewardship, strengthens governance capacity despite weaknesses in formal institutions. Findings suggest that governance capacity cannot be enhanced solely through additional resources or organizational capacity-building programs